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Recognize hypogonadism as a serious, chronic medical condition associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
Recognize that low testosterone levels may be associated with future development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and may be associated with increased morbidity
Describe current data on the relationship between the prostate and serum testosterone concentrations and data showing that a causal relationship between testosterone therapy and prostate cancer has not been established
Explain the importance of appropriate and continuous treatment of hypogonadism with testosterone therapy
Compare current and novel testosterone therapies based on efficacy, safety, dosing regimens, and consistency of serum testosterone levels within the eugonadal range
Differentiate between long- and short-acting testosterone formulations with respect to pharmacokinetics, ease of administration, and convenience
Identify obstacles and solutions to achieving patient adherence to and long-term persistence with testosterone therapy
This activity:
Met my expectations
Was relevant to my clinical practice
Was presented without commercial bias
After participating in this activity, I will change my clinical practice by:
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hour(s) on this educational activity.
This activity was originally released July 31, 2009, and is eligible for credit through July 31, 2010. Please select the best answers to the posttest questions below.
1. Which of the following comorbidities has been associated with a higher prevalence of
hypogonadism than that in the general population?
Diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis
Hypertension
Both diabetes and hypertension
All of the above
2. Results of the Boston Area Community Health Survey suggest that, in men with T <300
ng/dL:
The most common symptom of low testosterone levels is osteoporosis
At least 40% will have 2 or more nonspecific symptoms
The prevalence of symptoms is modified by free testosterone levels
Low libido is much more common than erectile dysfunction
3. Which of the following reflects the best currently recommended definition of hypogonadism?
Total testosterone levels <300 ng/dL
Low or low-normal levels of testosterone in the presence of symptoms
Loss of libido in men 65 years of age or older
Both total and free testosterone concentrations below the lower limit of normal
4. In a study of 156 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, Schatzl demonstrated that:
Two-thirds had a serum testosterone level in the high-normal range
Higher-grade prostate cancer was significantly more common in the men with the highest
testosterone levels
Testosterone levels were significantly lower in men with the highest-grade cancers
Testosterone levels were remarkably consistent, between 280 ng/dL and 410 ng/dL for the entire cohort
5. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
Bringing testosterone levels up into the lower levels of normal with exogenous testosterone therapy will improve libido, bone mineral density, and insulin sensitivity
The risks of testosterone therapy outweigh the benefits for most men
Exogenous testosterone therapy has been shown to improve sexual function and body composition
Testosterone therapy has been shown to improve hypogonadism-associated comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease
6. In the Saturation Model of prostate-cancer growth, androgen receptors are:
Not fully bound until total testosterone levels reach about 300 ng/dL
Not very sensitive to changes in testosterone concentrations
More responsive to dihydrotestosterone than to testosterone
Fully bound at near-castration levels of testosterone
7. Which of the following is an appropriate goal of therapy according to Endocrine Society
Guidelines?
Bringing testosterone levels into the normal eugonadal range
Maintaining secondary sexual characteristics
Relieving the symptoms associated with androgen deficiency
All of the above
8. A urologic consultation is recommended before or during therapy if the patient’s:
PSA is >4.0 ng/mL or increases rapidly during therapy
PSA increases >1.4 ng/mL in any 1-year period
PSA velocity is >0.4 ng/mL per year after >2 years of treatment
American Urological Association prostate symptom score is >19
All of the above
9. Which testosterone formulation is most likely to cause erythrocytosis, potentially due to
fluctuating testosterone levels?
Injectable testosterone cypionate or testosterone enanthate
Topical gel
Transdermal patch
Buccal tablet
10. What was the cause of a recent labeling change for topical gels?
Application-site skin reactions
Extreme testosterone peaks and nadirs and mood fluctuations
Skin-to-skin transference to others
All of the above
None of the above